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Thursday, January 29, 2026

ATMega644P Graphical LCD Interfacing

Interfacing a graphical LCD to a micro-controller is an interesting stuff beyond a character LCD or a LED matrix display. Most of graphical LCD has a built-in controller for example a well known KS0108 controller chip had been widely used for many years. A monochrome graphical LCD has various size and resolutions, 128x32, 128x64, 128x128, 128x160 and 240x128 etc.

TG12864A-04A 128x32 Dot-matrix and ATMega644P Interfacing 

 

ATMega644P Graphical LCD Interfacing
TG12864A-04A and ATMega644P Interfacing 

I bought an old graphical LCD TG12864A-04A that is a 128x32 dot-matrix display with its controller chips  SBN0064G (64-row x 64-column). So this 128x32 dot-matrix LCD needs two SBN0064G chip that will selecting via CS pin.

ATMega644P Graphical LCD Interfacing
TG12864A-04A LCM Module Spec
 

It controlling method is very similar to the KS0108 controller chip. I will not explain it here.

This LCM  module use a parallel port interface, 8-bit data bus and a few control lines as shown in the picture above. It allow data read and write via R/W pin. Command and data is set by the D/I (Data/Instruction) pin. However for most text displaying application we just need to write data to this display.

The example below the ATMega644P send some texts to this LCM display.

main.c

  1. /*
  2. * 8-TG12832A-04A _Text.c
  3. *
  4. * Created: 1/29/2026 5:51:25 PM
  5. * Author : Admin
  6. */
  7. #include <avr/io.h>
  8. #include <avr/pgmspace.h>
  9. #include "font5x8.h"

  11. #include <util/delay.h>
  12. #define F_CPU 16000000UL

  14. #define LCD_DATA PORTB
  15. #define LCD_CONT PORTD

  17. #define LCD_EN 0
  18. #define LCD_DI 1
  19. #define LCD_CS 2
  20. #define LCD_RET 3


  23. unsigned char dotCount=0;

  25. /*
  26. cs = 1 left screen area is selected
  27. cs = 0 right screen area is selected
  28. */
  29. void lcdCommand(unsigned char cmd,char cs){
  30. if(cs==1) LCD_CONT|=(1<<LCD_CS);
  31. else LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS);
  32. LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_DI);
  34. LCD_DATA=cmd;
  35. LCD_CONT|=(1<<LCD_EN);
  36. _delay_us(10);
  37. LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_EN);
  39. //if(cs==1) LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS);
  40. //else LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS);
  41. }

  43. void lcdData(char data,char cs){
  44. if(cs==1) LCD_CONT|=(1<<LCD_CS);
  45. else LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS);
  46. LCD_CONT|=(1<<LCD_DI);
  48. LCD_DATA=data;
  49. LCD_CONT|=(1<<LCD_EN);
  50. _delay_us(10);
  51. LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_EN);
  53. //if(cs==1) LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS1);
  54. //else if (cs==2) LCD_CONT&=~(1<<LCD_CS2);
  55. }

  57. void lcdHorizontal(unsigned char horizontal){
  58. lcdCommand(0x40+horizontal,1);
  59. lcdCommand(0x40+horizontal,0);
  60. }

  62. void lcdVerticalLine(unsigned char line){
  63. lcdCommand(0xB8+line,1);
  64. lcdCommand(0xB8+line,0);
  65. dotCount=0;
  66. }

  68. void lcdSetZ(unsigned char zAxis){
  69. lcdCommand(0xC0+zAxis,1);
  70. lcdCommand(0xC0+zAxis,0);
  71. }

  73. void lcdXy(unsigned char x,unsigned char y){
  74. if(x<64){
  75. lcdCommand(0x40+x,1);
  76. lcdCommand(0x40+0,0);
  77. }
  78. else{
  79. lcdCommand(0x40+0,1);
  80. lcdCommand(0x40+x-63,0);
  81. }
  83. lcdCommand(0xB8+y,1);
  84. lcdCommand(0xB8+y,0);
  85. dotCount=x;
  86. }

  88. void writeChar(unsigned char aph){
  89. for (int i=0;i<5;i++)
  90. {
  91. char font = pgm_read_byte(&font5x8[((aph-32)*5)+i]);
  92. if(dotCount<64) lcdData(font,1);
  93. else lcdData(font,0);
  94. dotCount++;
  95. }
  96. lcdData(0,(dotCount<64)?1:0);
  97. dotCount++;
  98. if (dotCount>127)
  99. {
  100. dotCount=0;
  101. }
  102. }

  104. void writeCharDelay(unsigned char aph,unsigned int dT){
  105. for (int i=0;i<5;i++)
  106. {
  107. char RomReader = pgm_read_byte(&font5x8[((aph-32)*5)+i]);
  108. if(dotCount<64) lcdData(RomReader,1);
  109. else lcdData(RomReader,0);
  110. if(dT!=0) for(int i=0;i<dT;i++) _delay_us(1000);
  111. dotCount++;
  112. }
  113. lcdData(0,(dotCount<64)?1:0);
  114. dotCount++;
  115. if (dotCount>127)
  116. {
  117. dotCount=0;
  118. }
  119. }

  121. void lcdString(char *str){
  122. while(*str)
  123. writeChar(*str++);
  124. if (dotCount>=127)
  125. {
  126. dotCount=0;
  127. }
  128. }

  130. void writeStringDelay(char *str,unsigned int dT){
  131. while(*str){
  132. if(dT!=0) writeCharDelay(*str++,dT);
  133. else writeChar(*str++);
  134. }
  135. }

  137. void lcdInit(void){
  138. DDRB=0xFF;
  139. DDRD=0xFF;
  140. /*Display On*/
  141. lcdCommand(0x3F,1);
  142. lcdCommand(0x3F,0);
  143. dotCount = 0;
  144. }

  146. void lcdClearScreen(){
  148. for (int i=0;i<4;i++)
  149. {
  150. lcdXy(0,i);
  151. for(int j=0;j<127;j++){
  152. lcdData(0,1);
  153. lcdData(0,0);
  154. }
  155. }
  156. dotCount=0;
  157. lcdXy(0,0);
  158. }

  160. void lcdClearSection(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char dot){
  161. lcdXy(x,y);
  162. dotCount=x;
  163. for (int i=0;i<dot;i++)
  164. {
  165. if(dotCount<64) lcdData(0,1);
  166. else lcdData(0,0);
  167. dotCount++;
  168. }

  170. if (dotCount>128)
  171. {
  172. dotCount=0;
  173. }
  174. }



  178. int main(void)
  179. {
  180. //_delay_ms(500);
  181. lcdInit();
  182. lcdClearScreen();
  184. lcdString("ATMega644P AVR GLCD");
  185. lcdXy(0,1);
  186. lcdString("TG12864A-04A 128x32");
  187. lcdXy(0,2);
  188. lcdString("Programming With C in");
  190. lcdXy(0,3);
  191. lcdString("Microchip Studio IDE");
  192. while (1)
  193. {
  195. }
  196. }


font5x8.h

  1. //#ifdef __AVR__
  2. //#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
  3. //static const char PROGMEM font5x8[] = {
  4. //#else
  5. const char font5x8[] PROGMEM= {
  6. //#endif
  7. 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,// (spacja)
  8. 0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x00,// !
  9. 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,// "
  10. 0x14, 0x7F, 0x14, 0x7F, 0x14,// #
  11. 0x24, 0x2A, 0x7F, 0x2A, 0x12,// $
  12. 0x23, 0x13, 0x08, 0x64, 0x62,// %
  13. 0x36, 0x49, 0x55, 0x22, 0x50,// &
  14. 0x00, 0x05, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00,// '
  15. 0x00, 0x1C, 0x22, 0x41, 0x00,// (
  16. 0x00, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1C, 0x00,// )
  17. 0x08, 0x2A, 0x1C, 0x2A, 0x08,// *
  18. 0x08, 0x08, 0x3E, 0x08, 0x08,// +
  19. 0x00, 0x50, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,// ,
  20. 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,// -
  21. 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,// .
  22. 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02,// /
  23. 0x3E, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x3E,// 0
  24. 0x00, 0x42, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x00,// 1
  25. 0x42, 0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x46,// 2
  26. 0x21, 0x41, 0x45, 0x4B, 0x31,// 3
  27. 0x18, 0x14, 0x12, 0x7F, 0x10,// 4
  28. 0x27, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x39,// 5
  29. 0x3C, 0x4A, 0x49, 0x49, 0x30,// 6
  30. 0x01, 0x71, 0x09, 0x05, 0x03,// 7
  31. 0x36, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36,// 8
  32. 0x06, 0x49, 0x49, 0x29, 0x1E,// 9
  33. 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00,// :
  34. 0x00, 0x56, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00,// ;
  35. 0x00, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41,// <
  36. 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,// =
  37. 0x41, 0x22, 0x14, 0x08, 0x00,// >
  38. 0x02, 0x01, 0x51, 0x09, 0x06,// ?
  39. 0x32, 0x49, 0x79, 0x41, 0x3E,// @
  40. 0x7E, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x7E,// A
  41. 0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36,// B
  42. 0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22,// C
  43. 0x7F, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1C,// D
  44. 0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x41,// E
  45. 0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x01,// F
  46. 0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x51, 0x32,// G
  47. 0x7F, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x7F,// H
  48. 0x00, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x41, 0x00,// I
  49. 0x20, 0x40, 0x41, 0x3F, 0x01,// J
  50. 0x7F, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41,// K
  51. 0x7F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,// L
  52. 0x7F, 0x02, 0x04, 0x02, 0x7F,// M
  53. 0x7F, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x7F,// N
  54. 0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x3E,// O
  55. 0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06,// P
  56. 0x3E, 0x41, 0x51, 0x21, 0x5E,// Q
  57. 0x7F, 0x09, 0x19, 0x29, 0x46,// R
  58. 0x46, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x31,// S
  59. 0x01, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x01,// T
  60. 0x3F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x3F,// U
  61. 0x1F, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1F,// V
  62. 0x7F, 0x20, 0x18, 0x20, 0x7F,// W
  63. 0x63, 0x14, 0x08, 0x14, 0x63,// X
  64. 0x03, 0x04, 0x78, 0x04, 0x03,// Y
  65. 0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x43,// Z
  66. 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x41, 0x41,// [
  67. 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20,// "\"
  68. 0x41, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00,// ]
  69. 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,// ^
  70. 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,// _
  71. 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00,// `
  72. 0x20, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x78,// a
  73. 0x7F, 0x48, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38,// b
  74. 0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x20,// c
  75. 0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x48, 0x7F,// d
  76. 0x38, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x18,// e
  77. 0x08, 0x7E, 0x09, 0x01, 0x02,// f
  78. 0x08, 0x14, 0x54, 0x54, 0x3C,// g
  79. 0x7F, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78,// h
  80. 0x00, 0x44, 0x7D, 0x40, 0x00,// i
  81. 0x20, 0x40, 0x44, 0x3D, 0x00,// j
  82. 0x00, 0x7F, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44,// k
  83. 0x00, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x00,// l
  84. 0x7C, 0x04, 0x18, 0x04, 0x78,// m
  85. 0x7C, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78,// n
  86. 0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38,// o
  87. 0x7C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x08,// p
  88. 0x08, 0x14, 0x14, 0x18, 0x7C,// q
  89. 0x7C, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08,// r
  90. 0x48, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x20,// s
  91. 0x04, 0x3F, 0x44, 0x40, 0x20,// t
  92. 0x3C, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 0x7C,// u
  93. 0x1C, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1C,// v
  94. 0x3C, 0x40, 0x30, 0x40, 0x3C,// w
  95. 0x44, 0x28, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44,// x
  96. 0x0C, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x3C,// y
  97. 0x44, 0x64, 0x54, 0x4C, 0x44,// z
  98. 0x00, 0x08, 0x36, 0x41, 0x00,// {
  99. 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00,// |
  100. 0x00, 0x41, 0x36, 0x08, 0x00,// }
  101. 0x08, 0x08, 0x2A, 0x1C, 0x08,// ->
  102. 0x08, 0x1C, 0x2A, 0x08, 0x08 // <-
  103. };
  104. //

Schematic:

ATMega644P Graphical LCD Interfacing
Schematic 


AVR Prototype Board Test:

  

ATMega644P Graphical LCD Interfacing
AVR Prototype Board Test

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