dsPIC30F2010 ds18B20 HD44780 LCD in MikroC

Introduction

The ds18S20/ds18B20 is one-wire precision digital temperature sensor. It implements only one data cable for command and data. The resolution of the ds18S20 is 9-bit while the ds18B20 is 12-bit higher resolution with floating point numbers.

A DS18B20 Sample from Ali Express

 

To interface with this sensor the master MCU program commonly uses the high speed Assembly language due to its fast response and its one-by-one instruction executions. However the manufactures of this chip (DALLAS) provide some sample programs written in C for the 8051-base devices.

Today using the Arduino is very common and ease of use for most of electronic hobbyists and engineers. There a lot of libraries and demo programs using this sensors. 

dsPIC30F2010 and ds18B20 Programming in MikroC

MikroC supports this one-wire digital temperature sensor for both the ds18S20 and the ds18B20. Unlike the Arduino libraries, using the MikroC One-Wire library, the master MCU need to process many steps such as writing command, reset, reading from scratch-pad, etc.

 

Schematic Diagram

In this example, the dsPIC30F2010 read the temperature data from a connected ds18B20 and it will be displayed on a character LCD. Both LCD and the sensor can be connect to any pins of an MCU upon the programming settings.

Edit Project

 

Timing is important for this one-wire sensor incorrect timing could cause command and data reading errors. The clock source is directly driven from an external 20MHz crystal oscillator without using Phase Lock Loop (PLL).

MikroC Source Code:

 

1. // LCD module connections
2. sbit LCD_RS at LATE0_bit;
3. sbit LCD_EN at LATE1_bit;
4. sbit LCD_D4 at LATE2_bit;
5. sbit LCD_D5 at LATE3_bit;
6. sbit LCD_D6 at LATE4_bit;
7. sbit LCD_D7 at LATE5_bit;
8. 
   
9. sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISE0_bit;
10. sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISE1_bit;
11. sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISE2_bit;
12. sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISE3_bit;
13. sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISE4_bit;
14. sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISE5_bit;
15. // End LCD module connections
16. 
    
17. // Set TEMP_RESOLUTION to the corresponding resolution of used DS18x20 sensor:
18. // 18S20: 9 (default setting; can be 9,10,11,or 12)
19. // 18B20: 12
20. const unsigned short TEMP_RESOLUTION = 12;
21. 
    
22. char *text = "000.0000";
23. unsigned temp;
24. 
    
25. void Display_Temperature(unsigned int temp2write) {
26. const unsigned short RES_SHIFT = TEMP_RESOLUTION - 8;
27. char temp_whole;
28. unsigned int temp_fraction;
29. 
    
30. // check if temperature is negative
31. if (temp2write & 0x8000) {
32. text[0] = '-';
33. temp2write = ~temp2write + 1;
34. }
35. 
    
36. // extract temp_whole
37. temp_whole = temp2write >> RES_SHIFT ;
38. 
    
39. // convert temp_whole to characters
40. if (temp_whole/100)
41. text[0] = temp_whole/100 + 48;
42. else
43. text[0] = '0';
44. 
    
45. text[1] = (temp_whole/10)%10 + 48; // Extract tens digit
46. text[2] = temp_whole%10 + 48; // Extract ones digit
47. 
    
48. // extract temp_fraction and convert it to unsigned int
49. temp_fraction = temp2write << (4-RES_SHIFT);
50. temp_fraction &= 0x000F;
51. temp_fraction *= 625;
52. 
    
53. // convert temp_fraction to characters
54. text[4] = temp_fraction/1000 + 48; // Extract thousands digit
55. text[5] = (temp_fraction/100)%10 + 48; // Extract hundreds digit
56. text[6] = (temp_fraction/10)%10 + 48; // Extract tens digit
57. text[7] = temp_fraction%10 + 48; // Extract ones digit
58. 
    
59. // print temperature on LCD
60. Lcd_Out(2, 5, text);
61. }
62. 
    
63. void main() {
64. 
    
65. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // Configure AN pins as digital
66. 
    
67. Lcd_Init(); // Initialize LCD
68. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // Clear LCD
69. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF); // Turn cursor off
70. Lcd_Out(1, 1, " Temperature: ");
71. // Print degree character, 'C' for Centigrades
72. Lcd_Chr(2,13,223); // different LCD displays have different char code for degree
73. // if you see greek alpha letter try typing 178 instead of 223
74. 
    
75. Lcd_Chr(2,14,'C');
76. 
    
77. //--- main loop
78. do {
79. //--- perform temperature reading
80. Ow_Reset(&PORTC, 14); // Onewire reset signal
81. Ow_Write(&PORTC, 14, 0xCC); // Issue command SKIP_ROM
82. Ow_Write(&PORTC, 14, 0x44); // Issue command CONVERT_T
83. Delay_us(120);
84. 
    
85. Ow_Reset(&PORTC, 14);
86. Ow_Write(&PORTC, 14, 0xCC); // Issue command SKIP_ROM
87. Ow_Write(&PORTC, 14, 0xBE); // Issue command READ_SCRATCHPAD
88. Delay_ms(400);
89. 
    
90. temp = Ow_Read(&PORTC, 14);
91. temp = (Ow_Read(&PORTC, 14) << 8) + temp;
92. 
    
93. //--- Format and display result on Lcd
94. Display_Temperature(temp);
95. 
    
96. Delay_ms(500);
97. } while (1);
98. }

 

LCD and One-Wire libraries are not include in project by default. So we need select these two drivers.

 

Go to View -> Library Manager

 

If we temperature reading program please check connection or set its correct resolutions - 9-bit for ds18S20 and 12-bit for ds18B20.

 

Program Testing on my DIY dsPIC30F2010 Prototype Board

 

 

 

 

dsPIC30F2010 4-bit HD44780 LCD in MikroC

Introduction 

The HD44780 character LCD controller still popular among micro-controller programmer today even in small electronic control projects. Currently there are a lot of Chinese equivalent LCD controller that is very low cost and low power.

 

MikroC LCD Example

It has 8-bit data bus with three control signal - Register Select (RS), Read or Write (R/W) and Enable (E). However it operate is a single 8-bit data transfer mode or 4-bit (two times) data transfer mode. Using its 4-bit data transfer mode is very common today. The 8-bit data is divided into two nibbles, higher nibble is transferred first and then the lower nibble.

 

A 16x4 HD44780 Character LCD

 

MikroC Programming for HD44780 and dsPIC30F2010 

MikroC for dsPIC has an LCD driver for HD44780 that operates in 4-bit data transfer mode with select-able control pins and data pins (D4:D7). The R/W pin must wires to GND as the master MCU only need to send commands or data.

 

MikroC LCD Example

It does not need a schematic as we can read and understand the C source codes.

 

Schematic Diagram

 

I don't need to write my codes due to time constraint. I use the MikroC LCD example in its library manual. There are some major routines in MikroC:

Library Routines

• Lcd_Init
• Lcd_Out
• Lcd_Out_Cp
• Lcd_Chr
• Lcd_Chr_Cp
• Lcd_Cmd

 

MikroC Source Code:

1. // LCD module connections
2. sbit LCD_RS at LATE0_bit;
3. sbit LCD_EN at LATE1_bit;
4. sbit LCD_D4 at LATE2_bit;
5. sbit LCD_D5 at LATE3_bit;
6. sbit LCD_D6 at LATE4_bit;
7. sbit LCD_D7 at LATE5_bit;
8. 
   
9. sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISE0_bit;
10. sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISE1_bit;
11. sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISE2_bit;
12. sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISE3_bit;
13. sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISE4_bit;
14. sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISE5_bit;
15. // End LCD module connections
16. 
    
17. char txt1[] = "mikroElektronika";
18. char txt2[] = "EasydsPIC4A";
19. char txt3[] = "Lcd4bit";
20. char txt4[] = "example";
21. 
    
22. char i; // Loop variable
23. 
    
24. void Move_Delay() { // Function used for text moving
25. Delay_ms(500); // You can change the moving speed here
26. }
27. 
    
28. void main(){
29. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // Configure AN pins as digital I/O
30. 
    
31. Lcd_Init(); // Initialize LCD
32. 
    
33. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // Clear display
34. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF); // Cursor off
35. Lcd_Out(1,6,txt3); // Write text in first row
36. 
    
37. Lcd_Out(2,6,txt4); // Write text in second row
38. Delay_ms(2000);
39. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // Clear display
40. 
    
41. Lcd_Out(1,1,txt1); // Write text in first row
42. Lcd_Out(2,5,txt2); // Write text in second row
43. 
    
44. Delay_ms(2000);
45. 
    
46. // Moving text
47. for(i=0; i<4; i++) { // Move text to the right 4 times
48. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_SHIFT_RIGHT);
49. Move_Delay();
50. }
51. 
    
52. while(1) { // Endless loop
53. for(i=0; i<8; i++) { // Move text to the left 7 times
54. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_SHIFT_LEFT);
55. Move_Delay();
56. }
57. 
    
58. for(i=0; i<8; i++) { // Move text to the right 7 times
59. Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_SHIFT_RIGHT);
60. Move_Delay();
61. }
62. }
63. }

 

 

 

dsPIC30F2010 MikroC I/O Programming

Introduction

The dsPIC30F2010 digital signal controller can be programmed using Assembly language that's free of charge from device's supplier. Currently, using a high level programming language is common for most of modern micro-controllers. Unlike a few decade ago, modern micro-controllers have a large amount of ROM (commonly Flash memory), SRAM, and riches of peripherals and functionalities. Due its larger size in RAM and ROM, using a high level programming language such as C, Basic, Pascal, micro-Python are not a problem anymore. 

For the 16-bit PIC micro-controller families, there are a lot of C compilers including free or paid versions. Microchip Technology offers many C compilers for their 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs. There free and paid version. However, using a free version has some limited functionalities especially memory optimization.

Paid C compilers for this chip are widely available from many companies such as Custom Computer Service (CSS), MikroElectronika MikroC Pro for dsPIC, IAR Embedded Workbench, etc. However MikroC for dsPIC offers a free version for students and hobbyists with a code compiling limits to below 2KB. That's suitable for most of light-weight applications. 

MikroC for dsPIC has a lot of build-in peripheral and hardware libraries. For additional C libraries the user can gets it from LibStocks that contains a lot libraries created by many users. 

 

dsPIC30F2010 LED Blinking in MikroC for dsPIC 

 

Blinking an LED is most common for most of novice embedded system  programmers. In MikroC we can do it from scratch. I use my own dsPIC30F2010/dsPIC30F1010 prototype board to test this program. It has on-board LEDs, push buttons, PICKit2 ICSP and 20MHz crystal oscillator. That's no need for auxiliary components.

 

LED on at RD0

 

In this introductory example, the dsPIC30F2010 toggles its output LED connects to RD0 every one second. The clock frequency is driven from the external crystal oscillator without additional Phase Lock Loop (PLL) enabled. 

Schematic Diagram:

 

Schematic Diagram in Proteus

 

Proteus VSM does not has a model for dsPIC30F series. I need to download this symbol (schematic only) from SnapEDA for free.

 

MikroC Source Code:

 

1. void main() {
2. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // configure AN pins as digital
3. TRISD = 0; // set direction to be output
4. LATD = 0; // turn OFF the PORTD leds
5. while(1){
6. LATD=0;
7. Delay_ms(1000);
8. LATD=0x01;
9. Delay_ms(1000);
10. }
11. }

 

It will blinks D8 LED connects to RD0 via a DIP switch. 

Don't forget to set some parameters for this projects by going to Project -> Edit Project and select as below.

 

Project Setting

 I use an old 20-year-old DIY PICKit2 Programmer to program this chip. it look likes silly :D.

 

PICKit2 ICSP Programmer

 

In MikroC for dsPIC, programming is quite simple and easier than MPLabX XC16 Compiler. 

 

PICKit2 ICSP Programmer

 The compiler outputs are not only Intel HEX file but also an Assembly code as shown below.

 

1. 
   _main:
2. MOV #2048, W15
3. MOV #6142, W0
4. MOV WREG, 32
5. MOV #1, W0
6. MOV WREG, 52
7. MOV #4, W0
8. IOR 68
9. 
   
10. ;blink_dev.c,1 :: void main() {
11. ;blink_dev.c,2 :: ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // configure AN pins as digital
12. MOV #65535, W0
13. MOV WREG, ADPCFG
14. ;blink_dev.c,3 :: TRISD = 0; // set direction to be output
15. CLR TRISD
16. ;blink_dev.c,4 :: LATD = 0; // turn OFF the PORTD leds
17. CLR LATD
18. ;blink_dev.c,5 :: while(1){
19. L_main0:
20. ;blink_dev.c,6 :: LATD=0;
21. CLR LATD
22. ;blink_dev.c,7 :: Delay_ms(1000);
23. MOV #26, W8
24. MOV #28274, W7
25. L_main2:
26. DEC W7
27. BRA NZ L_main2
28. DEC W8
29. BRA NZ L_main2
30. ;blink_dev.c,8 :: LATD=0x01;
31. MOV #1, W0
32. MOV WREG, LATD
33. ;blink_dev.c,9 :: Delay_ms(1000);
34. MOV #26, W8
35. MOV #28274, W7
36. L_main4:
37. DEC W7
38. BRA NZ L_main4
39. DEC W8
40. BRA NZ L_main4
41. ;blink_dev.c,10 :: }
42. GOTO L_main0
43. ;blink_dev.c,11 :: }
44. L_end_main:
45. L__main_end_loop:
46. BRA L__main_end_loop
47. ; end of _main

Now the MCU toggles two LEDs connect to RD0(D8) and RD1(D7) complementary for every one second.

 

1. void main() {
2. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // configure AN pins as digital
3. TRISD = 0; // set direction to be output
4. LATD = 0; // turn OFF the PORTD leds
5. while(1){
6. LATD=0x0001;
7. Delay_ms(1000);
8. LATD=0x0002;
9. Delay_ms(1000);
10. }
11. }

 

Two LEDs D8 and D7 will toggle alternately on board.

dsPIC30F2010 Button and LED in MikroC for dsPIC 

There are two input buttons - RC13 (CN1) and RC14(CN0). Now the program will read the input pins and it will displays to output LEDs.

MikroC Source Code:

1. void main() {
2. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // configure AN pins as digital
3. TRISD = 0; // set direction to be output
4. LATD = 0; // turn OFF the PORTD leds
5. TRISC = (1<<13)|(1<<14); // RC13 and RC14 As Inputs
6. LATC=0; // Clear Buffer
7. PORTC=0; // Clear Buffer
8. CNPU1 = (1<<1)|(1<<0); // RC13-CN0 and RC14-CN1 : Enable Pull-Up
9. while(1){
10. LATD=PORTC>>13; // Read Input Pins
11. }
12. }

The logic state of the output LEDs change upon the input logic triggered by the buttons.

Program Testing on dsPIC30F2010 Prototype Board

 We can use these two buttons to toggle LEDs connects to RD0 and RD1.

MikroC Source Code:

1. 
   #define SW4 13
2. #define SW5 14
3. #define D7 0x02
4. #define D8 0x01
5. #define CN0 0
6. #define CN1 1
7. 
   
8. void main() {
9. ADPCFG = 0xFFFF; // configure AN pins as digital
10. TRISD = 0; // direction to be output
11. LATD = 0; // turn OFF the PORTD leds
12. TRISC = (1<<SW5)|(1<<SW4); // RC13 and RC14 As Inputs
13. LATC=0; // Clear Buffer
14. PORTC=0; // Clear Buffer
15. CNPU1 = (1<<CN1)|(1<<CN0); // RC13-CN1 and RC14-CN0 : Enable Pull-Up
16. while(1){
17. if((PORTC&(1<<SW4))==0){
18. LATD^=D8;
19. Delay_ms(500);
20. }
21. if((PORTC&(1<<SW5))==0){
22. LATD^=D7;
23. Delay_ms(500);
24. }
25. }
26. }

 

The 16-bit PIC micro-controllers have a lot of feature than the 8-bit PIC micro-controllers. We enable its weak pullup resistors by setting the Input Change Notification Pull-up Enable Register1(CNPU1).

CNPU1: Input Change Notification Pull-up Enable Register1